How does the composition of the gut microbiome affect weight loss and why is it easier for some people to lose weight than others?

Modern research in the fields of nutritiology and gastroenterology proves that metabolic rate and weight loss success depend not only on willpower and a calorie deficit, but also on the composition of the gut microbiome. Trillions of bacteria live in our gastrointestinal tract, participating in food breakdown, vitamin synthesis, and appetite regulation.

Scientists identify two main types of bacteria that affect weight: bacteroidetes and firmicutes. The former break down complex carbohydrates more efficiently and are associated with slimness, while the latter know how to extract maximum energy from food and store it in reserve. Overweight people often experience an imbalance toward firmicutes, which causes their body to literally squeeze more calories out of the same portion of food that a thin person processes without consequences.

In addition, the microbiome directly controls our eating habits and sugar cravings. Some types of pathogenic bacteria and fungi feed on simple carbohydrates and sugar, sending signals to the brain via the vagus nerve that they urgently need fuel. This is why a sudden rejection of sweets causes such severe discomfort: bacteria begin to starve and literally force us to break our diet.

To improve microbiome composition and facilitate weight loss, it is helpful to follow simple recommendations:

Taking care of the gut not only accelerates metabolism and helps burn fat faster, but also improves the overall state of the immune system, increases energy levels, and relieves chronic fatigue during a diet.