What is lactose intolerance?

Answer

Lactose intolerance is a common condition in which the body of an adult or child does not produce a sufficient amount of the enzyme lactase, which is necessary to break down milk sugar. This condition is not an allergic disease, but it causes significant physical discomfort after consuming dairy products.

The main characteristics and features of lactose intolerance manifestations can be described as follows:

The main cause lies in a genetically determined deficiency of the lactase enzyme, which normally should break down lactose into glucose and galactose in the small intestine.
Main symptoms: severe abdominal bloating, flatulence, rumbling, cramps, and diarrhea occurring 30 minutes or several hours after consuming milk or cream.
The severity of symptoms varies for everyone — some cannot tolerate even a drop of milk at all, while others can quietly eat a piece of hard cheese or a portion of yogurt.
Special lactase supplements in capsules help successfully cope with the breakdown of milk sugar if you are about to eat a dish containing lactose.
Lactose-free products are widely available in modern stores, which allows for full nutrition and avoids excluding your favorite dairy flavors from your diet.

The degree of lactase deficiency can change with age or against the background of past intestinal infections, when temporary secondary lactase deficiency develops. In this case, after the intestinal mucosa recovers, the ability to digest dairy products may partially return.

To improve your quality of life with confirmed lactose intolerance, keep a food diary and track the body's reaction to different types of dairy products. Fermented milk products, cottage cheese, and aged cheeses contain a minimal amount of lactose and are therefore usually tolerated much better than whole milk.

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