QUESTION: What is PCOS?

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex endocrine disorder that affects a woman's reproductive system and is accompanied by hormonal imbalance. In this condition, the ovaries often increase in size and contain many small follicles that cannot fully mature for ovulation, which disrupts the regularity of the menstrual cycle.

The clinical picture of the disease is quite diverse and may include irregular menstruation or their complete absence, excessive hair growth on the face and body, as well as acne and oily seborrhea due to elevated androgen levels. In addition, many patients face the problem of excess weight and difficulties in trying to lose it.

PCOS is one of the most common causes of female infertility, as the lack of ovulation makes natural conception difficult or impossible. Diagnosis of this syndrome is based on the evaluation of clinical symptoms, the results of pelvic ultrasound, and laboratory blood tests for hormone levels.

Treatment is selected strictly individually, taking into account the woman's reproductive plans and the prevailing symptoms of the disease. At the initial stage, lifestyle changes are of key importance, including diet correction for weight loss and regular physical activity, which helps restore tissue sensitivity to insulin.

To normalize the cycle and reduce manifestations of hyperandrogenism, a doctor may prescribe combined oral contraceptives or special medications such as metformin. In cases where a woman is planning a pregnancy, ovulation induction methods are used under the strict supervision of specialists.