Stocks

Fundamental analysis: company's financial indicators (P/E, P/B, ROE, revenue/profit growth, debt), competitive advantages, management quality. Technical analysis: charts, trends, support/resistance levels (for short-term trading). For long-term investors, fundamentals are more important. For beginners, ETFs are simpler and more reliable.

A part of the company's profit distributed to shareholders. Dividend yield = annual dividends / stock price × 100%. Dividend aristocrats are companies that increase dividends for 25+ years. The ex-dividend date — you need to own the stock before it. After the ex-dividend date, the price drops by the dividend amount (dividend gap). In Russia, a 13% tax is automatically withheld.

For long-term investors: buy regularly (DCA — dollar-cost averaging), do not try to guess the bottom/top. Sell when: you have achieved your goal, rebalancing is needed, the company's fundamentals have worsened. Do not sell in panic during a decline. Time in the market > timing the market. Short-term trading is for professionals.

A short, practical answer on the topic 'Stocks': start with your goal in numbers and timeframe, then break it into steps and include it in your budget. Review the plan once a month.

For 'Stocks', it is useful to: calculate a base scenario and a stress scenario, include a 10–20% margin, and decide in advance which expenses/contributions to cut first.

If talking about 'Stocks', avoid extremes: do not overhype expectations, leave room for life, and record progress with small control points.